2026-08-17
Is mathematics discovered or invented? From Plato and Euclid, through non-Euclidean geometry, Cantor's infinities and the limits drawn by Gödel and Turing, to the contemporary answers of Penrose, Deutsch, Hamkins and Wolfram, this essay breaks "What is mathematics?" into four questions: ontology, truth, epistemology and accessibility. It ends with the observer who is actually doing the mathematics.